galvanized chicken wire

Galvanized wire is divided into hot galvanized wire and cold galvanized wire (electric galvanized wire). Hot dip galvanizing is dipped in zinc liquid melted by heating. It has fast production speed, thick but uneven coating. The market thickness is 45g and can reach more than 300g. The color is dark, the zinc metal is consumed, and the matrix metal is formed into the entry layer, the corrosion resistance is good, and the outdoor environment of hot dip galvanized can adhere to decades.

Because of the high carbon content, simple cracks occur during water quenching, so double liquid quenching (water quenching + oil cooling) is mostly used, and oil quenching is mostly used for small cross section parts. This type of steel is generally used after quenching by medium temperature tempering or normalizing or in the surface quenching state. Mainly used for manufacturing spring and wear-resistant parts.

Lithopone 30% CAS No. 1345-05-7 / Application

Duan et al. administered 125 mg/kg BW or 250 mg/kg BW of anatase TiO₂ (5 nm) intragastrically to mice continuously for 30 days. The exposed mice lost body weight, whereas the relative liver, kidney, spleen and thymus weights increased. Particles seriously affected the haemostasis of the blood and the immune system. The decrease in the immune response could be the result of damage to the spleen, which is the largest immune organ in animals and plays an important role in the immune response. Powel et al. demonstrated that TiO₂ NPs may trigger immune reactions of the intestine after oral intake. They showed that TiO₂ NPs conjugated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, but not TiO₂ NPs or lipopolysaccharide alone, trigger the immune response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in isolated intestinal tissue. This indicates that TiO₂ NPs may be important mediators in overcoming normal gut-cell hyporesponsiveness to endogenous luminal molecules, which may be particularly relevant to patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which is characterized by an abnormal intestinal permeability.

JECFA also evaluated estimates of dietary exposure to titanium dioxide, estimating the maximum 95^th percentile of exposure to be 10 mg/kg BW per day. Overall, considering the low oral absorption of titanium dioxide as a food additive, the committee reaffirmed the ADI “not specified” that was established at the 13^th meeting.

What does this court ruling mean for regulation?

There are many titanium dioxide manufacturer in market. Rutile Titanium dioxide in the form of a white pigment is widely used in the industry:
1. In the production of inks and printing inks - as a pigment with excellent whiteness and very good properties.
2. Plastic materials, such as: wall claddings, floor coverings (linoleum, rubber, PVC), roofing, wires, cables - titanium white is included in the protective layer against degradation of atmospheric conditions (especially UV radiation), and has concealing properties.
3. Cosmetics: gels, eye shadows, foundation, lipstick, pastes (including teeth) - as a component of pigments.
4. Tanning preparations - surface-modified with a hydrophobic coating - acts as a UV filter.
5. Paper pulp - anatine is used as a filler and reinforcement.
6, Packaging film, adhesive mortars, plasters, cement, caulking agents, ceramic tiles - is an additive that improves resistance to colour change.
7. PCigar production - titanium white gives the ash a white color.

In 2023, California and New York proposed banning several food additives that are banned in Europe but legal in the United States. Titanium dioxide was among the five proposed to be banned, but in September, the additive was removed from the list of additives from the California ban list.

When asked about the recent Skittles lawsuit, the FDA said the agency does not comment on pending litigation.

But in the U.S., titanium dioxide is found all over the grocery shelves. Candy like Skittles, Starbursts, and Jell-O, gum like Trident White peppermint gum and Mentos Freshmint Gum, cake products like Duncan Hines Creamy Vanilla Frosting, and Nabisco Chips Ahoy! cookies are just a few of the myriad food items that contain the additive.

Dr Peter  Dingle (BEd, BSc, PhD)

A steep decline in the prices of titanium dioxide was observed in the second half of 2022 as the erratic energy costs along with rising covid cases affected the market negatively. In addition to this, the decreased offtakes from paints and coating industries, weak economic growth, and strict restrictions imposed to deal with the resurgence of covid cases further aided the declining trajectory of titanium butoxide prices.

Anatase titanium dioxide is a popular ingredient in coatings due to its excellent UV resistance and chemical stability. Many manufacturers and businesses rely on wholesale suppliers to provide high-quality anatase titanium dioxide for their coating applications.