Despite the advantages, the use of sulphur dioxide as a food preservative has raised health concerns, particularly regarding allergic reactions in certain individuals. Some people, particularly those with asthma, may experience respiratory issues or other adverse effects when consuming foods containing SO₂. As a result, regulatory agencies in many countries, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have established limits on the amount of sulphur dioxide that can be used in food products. Moreover, items containing sulphites (the salts of sulphur dioxide) must be properly labeled, ensuring that sensitive individuals can make informed choices.
Safety Profile of E481
SO2 is primarily used in products such as dried fruits, fruit juices, and wines. In the case of dried fruits, it prevents browning reactions caused by enzymatic activity and oxidation, which can adversely affect their visual and taste qualities. For wines, sulfur dioxide not only acts as a preservative but also plays a role in stabilizing flavor and aroma, enhancing the overall quality of the final product.
Sodium metabisulfite is a white, crystalline powder that releases sulfur dioxide (SO2) when it dissolves in water. This gas is responsible for its preservative qualities, as it prevents spoilage and discoloration, thus extending the shelf life of various food products. One of the primary benefits of using SMBS in food preservation is its efficacy against microbial growth, particularly in fruits, vegetables, and some beverages.